Which component is primarily responsible for voltage regulation in power supplies?

The voltage regulator is the component primarily responsible for maintaining a consistent output voltage in power supplies. Its main function is to ensure that the voltage remains stable despite fluctuations in input voltage or load conditions. This is achieved through feedback mechanisms that adjust the output to compensate for variations, allowing the device to deliver a steady voltage level that is crucial for the proper operation of electronic circuits.

Capacitors, while they play a vital role in filtering and smoothing out voltage fluctuations in power supply outputs, do not actively regulate voltage. Instead, they store and release electrical energy as needed. Resistors can limit current and affect voltage levels in circuits, but they do not provide the feedback necessary for voltage regulation. Transformers are used primarily for voltage transformation, stepping voltage levels up or down but not for regulation. Thus, the voltage regulator stands out as the key component for ensuring consistent voltage supply in power supplies.