The type of data storage that is characterized as permanent, non-volatile, and non-removable is ROM (Read-Only Memory). ROM is designed to retain data even when the power is turned off, which makes it non-volatile. This means that the information stored in ROM is not lost during a power outage and is typically used to store firmware and system-level software that is essential for the hardware to boot and operate correctly.
ROM is also considered permanent because the information written into it during manufacturing is not intended to change or be easily modified by users or applications. Unlike RAM (Random Access Memory), which is volatile and temporary, or cache memory, which is a faster type of volatile memory used for improving data access speed, ROM serves as a stable and enduring repository for critical data that must always be available for the system to function properly.
Flash storage, while it is non-volatile and can retain data without power, is typically removable (like USB drives and SD cards), contrasting with ROM's permanent and integrated nature on a circuit board or hardware device.