What is the expected output voltage of a step-up transformer compared to the input voltage?

In a step-up transformer, the primary function is to increase the voltage from the primary winding to the secondary winding. The transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where the turns ratio (the ratio of the number of windings in the primary to those in the secondary) determines the relationship between the input voltage and output voltage.

For a step-up transformer, the output voltage is always greater than the input voltage due to the greater number of turns in the secondary winding compared to the primary winding. Mathematically, the relationship can be expressed as:

[ V_s = \frac{N_s}{N_p} \times V_p ]

where ( V_s ) is the secondary voltage, ( N_s ) is the number of turns in the secondary winding, ( N_p ) is the number of turns in the primary winding, and ( V_p ) is the primary voltage. Since ( N_s ) is greater than ( N_p ) in a step-up transformer, it leads to a secondary voltage that is higher than the primary voltage, justifying the expectation of an increased output voltage.

In contrast, a step-down transformer would produce a lower output voltage, while a transformer that produces an equal voltage would not be