What component is used to convert ordinary alpha/numeric information to binary in electronic devices?

The component used to convert ordinary alpha/numeric information to binary in electronic devices is an encoder. Encoders perform the function of transforming input signals, which can be in various formats, into a binary-coded output. This process is essential in digital electronics where data must be represented in binary form for processing, storage, or transmission.

For example, when we input a character from a keyboard, that character (like 'A' or '5') could correspond to a specific binary value (like 01000001 for 'A' in ASCII). The encoder recognizes the input character and converts it into its binary representation. This allows the system to understand and manipulate the data in a digital format.

While decoders are used to perform the opposite operation—converting binary information back into a more recognizable format—multiplexers and demultiplexers are used for routing data rather than converting formats, making them less relevant for the conversion task specified in the question.